水帘生产厂家什么叫防爆电器 灯具 控制箱 启动器 风机汽轮机油乳
说明:通常来说,防爆电器是指存在有爆炸危险性气体和蒸气的场所采用的一类电气设备。化工生产经常遇到各种有爆炸危险性的气体和蒸气,在有这些介质的地方,按照有关规范、标准和规定,正确选用合适的防爆电器,是保证安全生产、防止爆炸和火灾发生的重要措施。按类型分为隔爆型、增安型 、本质安全型、正压型、充油型、充砂型、无火花型、特殊型。主要品种有防爆转换开关及刀开关、防爆空气自动开关、工厂用防爆磁力起动器、防爆控制按钮、防爆操作柱、防爆行程开关、防爆插销、防爆接线箱、防爆接线盒、防爆管件及密封材料、防爆电磁铁及防爆电磁阀等。
1、防爆控制箱类
主要包括用于控制照明工程的照明配电箱和用于控制动力工程的动力箱。这类产品大部分结构为组合式,最多可控制12个回路,其外壳大部分是以铸造铝合金材料制作的,也有一部分为钢板焊接的,还有很少一部分为绝缘材料外壳。其内部主要由断路器、接触器、热继电器。转换开关、信号灯、按钮等元件构成,制造厂还可根掘用户需要而选择配备。防爆等级最高可达ⅡCT6级。顺便指出,防爆自动开关、防爆刀开关以及熔断器在一些控制场合也常用作控制动力或照明配电工程的线路分合之用,只是变成一个单件而已。因此这些产品也划归到这类产品中来。
Mainly used for controlling a lighting system lighting distribution box and used to control the power systems power box. This kind of most products modular structure, can control up to 12 loop, its shell is most of the cast aluminum alloy production, also one part for the steel plate welded, the few for the housing of insulating materials. Its interior is mainly composed of a circuit breaker, contactor, thermal relay. Switch, lights, buttons and other components, factory can also be according to user needs and the choice of equipment. Explosion proof grade up to a maximum of CT6 class ii. Incidentally, explosion-proof, explosion-proof automatic switch knife switch and a fuse in a number of control occasions also used as a control or power lighting distribution system and the line, just become a one-piece. Therefore, these products are also classified in this type of product.
2、防爆起动器类
此类产品包括手动起动器、防爆电磁起动器、可逆电磁起动器、自耦减压起动器、Y―Δ变换降压起动器和馈电开关等产品。防爆起动器类产品作为终端控制设备,一般是一台起动器控制一台电动机,属于量大面广类产品。其外壳壳体通常由铸造铝合金或钢板制成。其内部一般由接触器(空气式或真空式)、电动机保护工程、信号灯、按钮和自耦变压OS等元件组成,而且一般都具有就地控制、远距离控制和自动控制功能。也有的产品中安装有断路器作总开关,使产品更加完善。
Such products include manual starter, explosion-proof electromagnetic starter, reversible electromagnetic starter, auto-decompression starter, Y -- a transformation buck starter and feeder switches and other products. Flameproof starter products as the terminal control equipment, is generally a starter control of a motor, which belongs to a large class of product. The shell is usually by casting aluminum or steel. Its interior is generally composed of contactor ( air or vacuum ), motor protection system, lights, buttons and autotransformer OS and other components, and generally has a local control, remote control and automatic control function. Some products are installed in the circuit breaker for switch, to make our products more perfect.
3、防爆控制开关类
这类产品市场需求量相对来说也很大,所以生产厂家也比较多,主要包括照明开关、转换开关(组合开关)、行程开关、拉线开关等小型防爆产品。这些产品的防爆等级可达ⅡCT6级别,其防爆外壳壳体通常是采用铸造铝合金压铸而成的复合型结构,也有少数制造厂采用其它材质外壳。这类产品的特点是体积小,内部元件单一、技术含量较低、结构简单、制作容易。
This kind of product market demand is relatively large, so manufacturers are also more, including lighting switch, switch ( switch ), a travel switch, a pull switch and other small explosion-proof products. These products are explosion-proof grade up to CT6 level, the explosion-proof housing is usually adopt cast aluminum die-casting alloy composite structure, also have a few factories using other material shell. The characteristic of this kind of product is small in volume, single internal components, low technology content, has the advantages of simple structure, easy manufacture.
4、防爆主令电器类
主令电器是用作闭合或断开控制电路,以发出命令或程序控制的开关电器。这类防爆电器主要包括控制按钮和操作柱。防爆控制按钮外壳一般用聚碳酸脂,玻璃纤维增强不饱合聚脂树脂或ABS塑料注塑来制造,也有少量是用铸铝压铸成形的。一般结构为增安型外壳,内装隔爆型元件,而且可以实现防腐功能,防爆等级可达ⅡC级。操作柱主要由主箱、接线箱和支柱组成。其主箱和接线箱有的制成一体,有的制成分体,各有特点。其材质基本上是用铸造铝合金材料制造。内部由各种仪表、转换开关、按钮和信号灯等元件组成。可以根据不同需要进行组合。
The main electrical appliances are used to close or open the control circuit, to issue orders or program controlled switch electric appliance. This kind of explosion-proof electrical equipment including the control button and the operation column. Controlling button shell is generally used polycarbonate, glass fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester resin or ABS plastic injection molding manufacturing, there is a small amount of casting aluminum die casting forming. The general structure of Increased-Safety shell, built-in flameproof elements, but also can realize the function of anticorrosion, explosion-proof level of up to C level. Operation column is mainly composed of a main box, junction box and pillar. The main box and junction box, some are made into a whole, some made of split, each have a characteristic. Its material basically is cast with aluminum alloy material. Internally by various instruments, switches, buttons and lights and other components. According to different needs combination.
5、防爆接线箱类
电气设备在使用中须经电线或电缆与供电网络连接起来,形成工程来完成其使用功能。但其连接导线或电缆不可能无限长,而且在连接过程中有很多地方需要串联、并联进行导线分接。这就势必造成接头部分外滤,容易引发事故。防爆接线箱类产品就是为解决这类问题而生产的产品,以求进一步保证安全生产。这类产品包括接线箱、接线盒、穿线盒、吊线盒、分线盒等产品,其外壳主要由铸造铝合金制造。根据需要设有很多进线和出线引入装置,箱内装有接线端子,用来进行连接或分接之用。这类产品大部分制成隔爆型或增安型,体积有大有小,差异较大,防爆等级可达ⅡC级。
Electrical equipment in use is subject to the wires or cables and power supply network connection, form the system to complete the function of. But the connecting wires or cables may not be infinitely long, and in the process of connecting needed a lot of series, parallel wire tapping. This will inevitably cause the joint part of the outer filter, is easy to cause accident. The explosion-proof junction box products is to solve this problem and the production of products, in order to further ensure safety production. This kind of product includes a junction box, junction box, threading box, hanging box, junction box, and other products, its shell is mainly composed of cast aluminum alloy manufacturing. According to the needs of a lot of the inlet line and the outlet line leading device, provided with a wiring terminal, used for connecting or tappi
前 言
汽轮机油工程是用来向汽轮发机电组各轴承提供足够的、高质量的润滑油和向调理工程提供压力油的,在机组盘车时向盘车装配和顶轴装配供油。是以,汽轮机油质是影响汽轮机平安运行的一个重要指标。油质乳化会造成油工程侵蚀,机组部件发生锈蚀。同时,汽轮机油也将失往润滑、排热和调速的作用,严重地影响了机组平安运行。
1 汽轮机油质要求
汽轮机油工程要求使用的汽轮机油必需是高质量、均质的精炼矿物油,而且必需添加防侵蚀和防氧化成份。此外,油中不得含有任何影响性能的有害杂质。
哈尔滨汽轮机有限责任公司设计制造的汽轮机油工程采用的是由深度精制根蒂根基油并加抗氧剂和防锈剂等调制成的32L-TSA汽轮机油。按国家尺度GB11120-89该油应合适下列要求:
运动粘度(40℃): (28.8~35.2)mm2/s闪点(启齿): 不低于180℃机械杂质: 无破乳化值(40-37-3)mL:
不年夜于15min(54℃时)起泡性实验 24℃:不年夜于450mL/0mL93℃:不年夜于100mL/0mL
后24℃:不年夜于450mL/0mL氧化后酸值达2.0mgKOH/g时:不小于3 000h液相锈蚀实验(合成海水): 无锈
铜片实验(100℃、3h): 不年夜于1级
2 汽轮机油乳化缘由
汽轮机油乳化一般有3个缘由:水份、乳化剂和高速搅拌。其中水份是引发油品乳化的主要缘由。
汽轮机组运行中,由于机组的轴封不严、汽封漏汽、润滑油质量差、轴承箱及油箱真空度达不到等诸多身分,是致使汽轮机油工程中进水的主要缘由。同时,机组的安装、运行等环节没有到达装备清洁度要求,存在污物、杂质等也将影响汽轮机油的质量。
汽轮机油和水的乳化与油品中添加剂性能也有关。汽轮机油中添加的抗氧剂和防锈剂年夜都具有一定概况活性的化合物或夹杂物,这些物资的份子结构中,一端具有亲油性的非极性基团,另外一端具有一定概况活性的亲水性能极性基团。虽然它们都消融于油而不消融于水,但在一定转速下极性基团对水具有一定的亲合能力。
当汽轮机高速旋转时,油和水充实搅拌呈乳浊液时,这些亲水的极性基团有了与水充实亲合的机遇。当亲协力很年夜时,就会与水牢牢地连系在一起。又由于亲油性的非极性基团能溶于油中,从而经由过程这类物资的作用使水和油连系起来。是以,这时候水就不能与油分手,即发生乳化现象。若是亲协力很弱,水与油就能分手。因而要求汽轮机油所加进的添加剂要保证并提高其质量,提高其抗乳化性能,下降或除往添加剂中亲水性能较强的成份,到达或高于汽轮机油尺度划定的抗乳化性能指标。
3 汽轮机油乳化的风险及处置措施
3.1 汽轮机油乳化的风险
汽轮机油乳化给机组带来的风险是严重的,主要浮现在以下几个方面:
1.汽轮机油乳化能使调理工程中滑阀及套筒等部件严重锈蚀,造成滑阀卡涩,下降了调理工程活络度,以致引发机组运行中甩负荷。同时,还可能破坏轴承处的油膜,容易造成轴承和轴颈的磨损。
2.乳化液沉积于油轮回工程中,故障油的轮回,造成供油不足,影响排热,容易引发轴承烧瓦,有可能发生严重事故。
3.汽轮机油乳化能够加速汽轮机油的氧化,使酸值升高,发生较多的氧化沉积物,从而进一步延长了汽轮机油的破乳化时间。
3.2 处置措施
汽轮机油的乳化给机组运行带来的后果是严重的。保证汽轮机组装备的设计、制造、安装、运行和维护和汽轮机油品质量,对防范和消除汽轮机油工程进水,避免汽轮机油乳化长短常重要的。是以,要注重以下几方面:
1.要确保产物设计、制造质量。设计不合理、产物制造不合适设计要求,直接致使汽轮机油工程进水。
2.在机组运行时要投进油净化装配,实时对汽轮发机电组油工程中调理和润滑用油进行油水份离和杂质过滤。同时,油工程部件在制造、安装及运行时要确保装备部件清洁、密封,合适制造厂划定的各类清洁度尺度。
3.购进的汽轮机油必需合适国家尺度GB11120-89划定的各项技术指标,尤其是抗乳化性能及酸值指标,必需获得保证。同时,汽轮机油在使用中要依照《L-TSA汽轮机油换油指标SH/T0636-1996》划定,定期取样检查,发现问题实时接纳措施。
4.对乳化后的汽轮机油,电厂也可凭据情况接纳向油中添加破乳化剂的法子来提高汽轮机油的抗乳化性能。哄骗破乳化剂来破坏油水界面上的乳化膜,把水释放出来,到达除水的目的。
4 竣事语
避免汽轮机油乳化,对保证汽轮机的平安运行具有重要的作用。解决汽轮机油乳化问题的重点要从产物设计、制造、安装、运行和维护,和汽轮机油品质量等方面严酷控制。
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